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art conservation and restoration — Maintenance and preservation of works of art, their protection from future damage, deterioration, or neglect, and the repair or renovation of works that have deteriorated or been damaged. Research in art history has relied heavily on 20th and… … Universalium
clay mineral — any of a group of hydrous aluminum silicate minerals, as kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite, that constitute the major portion of most clays. [1945 50] * * * Any of a group of important hydrous aluminum silicates with a layered structure and… … Universalium
hydrosphere — /huy dreuh sfear /, n. the water on or surrounding the surface of the globe, including the water of the oceans and the water in the atmosphere. [1885 90; HYDRO 1 + SPHERE] * * * Discontinuous layer of water at or near the Earth s surface. It… … Universalium
igneous rock — Any of various crystalline or glassy, noncrystalline rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material (magma). Igneous rocks comprise one of the three principal classes of rocks, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary … Universalium
Iddingsite — is an alteration of olivine that consists of a mixture of clay minerals, iron oxides and ferrihydrides. Iddingsite forms from the weathering of basalt in the presence of liquid water and can be described as a phenocryst meaning it has… … Wikipedia
Palagonite — is an alteration product from the interaction of water with volcanic glass of chemical composition similar to basalt. Palagonite can also result from the interaction between water and basalt melt. The water flashes to steam on contact with the… … Wikipedia
kaolinite — /kay euh leuh nuyt /, n. a very common mineral, hydrated aluminum disilicate, Al2Si2O5(OH)4, formed by the alteration of other minerals, esp. feldspar: the most common constituent of kaolin. [1865 70; KAOLIN + ITE1] * * * Group of common clay… … Universalium
chlorite — chlorite1 chloritic /klaw rit ik, kloh /, adj. /klawr uyt, klohr /, n. a group of minerals, hydrous silicates of aluminum, ferrous iron, and magnesium, occurring in green platelike crystals or scales. [1595 1605; CHLOR 1 + ITE1] chlorite2 /klawr… … Universalium
olivine — olivinic /ol euh vin ik/, olivinitic /ol euh vi nit ik/, adj. /ol euh veen , ol euh veen /, n. Mineral. any of a group of magnesium iron silicates, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, occurring in olive green to gray green masses as an important constituent of basic… … Universalium
Atacamite — prisms from Chile General Category Halide mineral Chemical formula … Wikipedia
carbonate mineral — Any member of a family of minerals that contains the carbonate ion, CO32 , as the basic structural unit. The carbonates are among the most widely distributed minerals in the earth s crust; the most common are calcite, dolomite, and aragonite.… … Universalium